What's the function of flux in SAW welding process?

submerged arc welding

SAW fluxes play several roles in metal joining. Welding fluxes would obviously influence weld bead, mechanical properties, anti-porosity, anti-cracking, etc.

A  provide a cover on the welding area. Protect weld puddle from contamination of atmospheric Oxygen and Nitrogen.

B  molten fluxes turn into slag in the end. Slag layer slows down the cooling rate of weld metal. This allows more time for gases to flee from weld metal.

C  get the arc free from airflow disturbance. Make it stable.

D  alloy transfer.

E  a compensation for elements that are burnt-off.

F  when electricity passes through slag pool, vast resistance heat is generated.

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